A Campus meeting in November reviewed the arguments for and against donor conception, and the sometimes difficult ethical arguments raised by the prospect of a donor-conceived child. 'Artificial' sperm cells derived from testicular tissue or stem cells may resolve some of those arguments.

Total cycles increase by only 2%, with the majority of transfers derived from frozen embryos. Egg donation represents around one-third of all activity and around half of all cross-border treatments.

Dr Sesh Sunkara, whose study in 2011 set a benchmark for the optimal number of eggs retrieved in an IVF cycle, remains firm in her view that 'around 15' is the ideal total in an initial cycle. She reviewed the various studies - and their findings - for Focus on Reproduction.

A well attended Campus meeting in October heard that quality standards in an IVF centre - on embryo culture, traceability, risk management and evidence-based practice - depend on multiple factors, from the laboratory environment to the application of guidelines.

A Campus meeting in November reviewed the arguments for and against donor conception, and the sometimes difficult ethical arguments raised by the prospect of a donor-conceived child. About the latter, opinion now seems universally in favour of early disclosure of biological origins.

A well attended Campus meeting in October reviewed themes of debate in ovarian stimulation following publication of ESHRE's new guidelines. Not all were simple matters of consensus, especially in those areas where evidence was thin or 'conditional'.

A Campus meeting reviewed the recently published ESHRE guidelines on ovarian stimulation for IVF. Chairman of the guideline development group Frank Broekmans explained the key recommendations - and their strength - in conversation with Focus on Reproduction.

Germany's National Academy of Science, Leopoldina, has issued a new proposal to update ART legislation in line with social changes and technical developments. Included in the proposals are egg donation and embryo selection. Meanwhile, legislation in France is about to change.

A new study from Norway suggests that machine learning via multimodal image understanding may improve on manual methods of semen analysis. Michael Riegler, a young ambassador for ESHRE and member of the Oslo research group, proposes a wider role for machine learning in male infertility.

A Campus meeting in October covered a broad range of subjects each aiming to ensure a high-standard framework for ART. Among them was the EU's regulation of clinical practice and its systems of reprovigilance.